2 August 2012 Ramadhan AlMubarak. Jam 9 pagi Senate meeting ditangguh jam 10 pg. Aku disebelah Puan Sapinah. Sejuk dan pernafasan kurang menyenangkan. Berbual saperti biasa. Aku jadi makin kurang selesa dan masuk kledalam pejabatku disebelah bilik senate. Duduk dan menarik nafas panjang. Allah HuAkbar, aku jadi sejuk yang melampau dan sakit yang teramat sangat pada jantungku. Mengucap panjang. Dalam kotak hati kecil apakah Sakratulmaut ingin menjemputku. Sempat mengumpul kekuatan telefon Muhaimin minta cepat naik. Sakit yang tidak tertahan lagi. Sakitnya saperti 20 tahun lalu. Muhaimin dan Hari tiba. GNT dalam purse. Terasa melayang dalam lalu lintas yang sebok diterbangkan angin melayang keudara sampai pada langit yang putih. Tangan ku dipegang erat oleh seorang perempuan. Tiada perkataan yang muncul, matanya tepat merenung aku. Ada sedikit senyuman dari bibirnya. Melayang terus kesatu destinasi entah dimana. Aku dibaringkan diatas hamparan putih. Tiada kata kata, dari gerak mata dan bibirnya aku faham minta aku bertenang. Sedar. ICU agaknya dengan segala peralatan hospital. Aku mula mendengar nama kerap dipanggil. Segala puji bagi Allah aku masih bernafas. jam 10 pg 3 August 2012 dengan 7 ballon dan 2 stent aku masih terus bernafas. Ya Allah yang Maha pengampun dan penyayang terimalah hambamu ini seadanya. Permudahkanlah perjalanan ini, keluarkanlah dari segala macam masalah didunia, terimalah taubat ini.AMYRA

1. Dalam sebuah organisasi yang besar tidak dapat disangkal hubungan antara pegawai dengan pihak pengurusan adalah musatahak dan terkawal. Menjadi penting situasi sebegini terus kekal sehingga perlu kepada suatu perubahan yang jelas kepada organisasi. Visi dan misi sekiranya diambil sebagai panduan adalh sesuatu medan perantara yang baik.

2. Pengurusan atasan mungkin mempunyai agenda sendiri atau tidak berpuas hati kepada prestasi semasa bahagian atau unit unit tertentu. Perubahan struktur dan kemasukan orang baru sering dikaitkan dengan agenda saperti ini. Persoalanya mampukah struktur baru mengoptimakan keuntungan organisasi?.

3. Strategic plan yang kerap dipraktiskan menjadi satu pilihan yang risikonya bukan kecil dibandungkan dengan organisasi seamasa. Intergriti dan kewajaran bolih diagendakan terutamanya menyentuh visi dan misi. (bersambung)

Kenapelah begini situasinya

1. Sungguh terpanggil sekali untuk menyuarakan suara hati seorang rakyat Malaysia berketurunan Melayu dan berugama Islam mengenai pendedahan pendehan pengamal politik tanah air. Tak kiralah dari mana mana parti politik. Sungguh memalukan dan memualkan.

2. Takde persan malu ke mendedahkan keaiban orang lain. Mengaibkan kawan atau sesama manusia dari segi etika dan ugama bagi saya seorang yang tak cukup ilmu adalah perbuatan yang sangat tak baik.

3. Walau bermusuh atau apa jua alasan, didunia kita ada perantara mahkamah untuk mensabitkan sesuatu kesalahan. Lebih dari itu Tuhan tahu siapa yang benar dan sebaliknya. Menambahkan penderitaan mangsa dengan mendahului mahkamah dan Yang Maha Esa sangat sangat menjengkelkan.

4. Mungkin saya seorang sahaja atau mungkin ada ribuan lagi bersama saya yang sungguh meluat dengan situasi begini. Kepada ahli ahli politik mana rasa kemanusian, mana rasa moral, mana rasa malu, apa sebenarnya pegangan agama anda.

5. Saya rindukan keamanan dan suasana harmoni hidup di Malaysia. Saya pernah tinggal dilaur Malaysia dalam tempoh yang panjang. Ini negara ku yang terbaik dikalangan yang terbaik. janganlah rosakkan semua ini oleh ahli politik yang berpolitik secara kotor dan tercela.

6. Malu sebagai Melayu yang tersohor dengan budi bahasa dan moral yang tinggi. Ditakdirkan dengan pegangan ugama yang maha suci. Berpolitiklah secara bersih kalau rasanya diri tak tertanggung dengan beban digalas berundur atau berhenti terus dari berpolitik.

FOR MEN ONLY

If you condensed your most recent meal down to a few pills, would they be tiny dynamos, or the nutritional equivalent of Tic Tacs? If you're like most men, what's on your plate falls somewhere in between—that is, leaving plenty of room for improvement. "If men start to favor certain foods—meat and potatoes, for example—they may develop nutritional blind spots as a result," says Kristie Lancaster, Ph.D., an associate professor of nutrition at New York University.

This can be a problem, because your body needs a basic roster of vitamins and minerals to run properly. If your regular diet comes up short, you may need a multivitamin to reach this nutritional baseline. But to actually boost your health, you need to consider moving beyond a multi by folding in some less common elements. Lycopene, for instance, is a powerful antioxidant found in tomatoes. Red yeast rice, a heart-healthy statin. Bottled boosters such as these can be insurance policies for your nutritional blind spots—and if you have specific health concerns, a form of extended coverage

The right supplements can help your heart, sharpen your immune system, and even improve your sex life. The wrong ones, however, can be ineffective or even harmful. "You run into problems because most men are 'prescribing' these things themselves," says Tod Cooperman, M.D., president of ConsumerLab.com, an independent tester of health and nutritional products. "Don't take supplements with abandon. They should be used carefully, because taking in too much of certain nutrients can cause problems."

We consulted with top doctors, reviewed the latest research, and waded through marketers' claims to bring you 18 of the best supplements for men. Use our guide—along with advice from your own doc, since many supplements can interact with other medications—to fine-tune your strategy.

Problem: Brain drain
Solution: ACETYL L-CARNITINE
This amino acid converts fats to energy and boosts antioxidant activity in the body. In supplement form, it may protect gray matter from stress caused by alcohol and aging. And in a 2006 study, people who received 1,000 milligrams (mg) of acetyl L-carnitine a day saw relief from mild chronic depression.
Dose: 1,000 mg/day*
Our pick: Vitamin World Acetyl L-Carnitine, 1,000 mg; vitaminworld. com ($50/60 capsules)
Natural sources: Red meat, dairy products

Try these 10 everyday tips to boost brainpower!

Problem: Erectile dysfunction
Solution: KOREAN RED PANAX GINSENG
Sixty percent of men with erectile dysfunction who took this supplement noticed improvement, according to a 2002 Korean study. The herb may also protect your heart—in a recent Canadian study, a daily dose reduced arterial stiffness.
Dose: 900 mg, up to three times a day*
Our pick: Vitamin World Korean Ginseng, 500 mg; vitaminworld. com ($13/100 capsules)
Natural sources: Korean ginseng root

Problem: High blood pressure
Solution: COENZYME Q-10
CoQ-10 can lower your blood pressure while boosting your levels of ecSOD, an enzyme thought to protect blood vessels from damage. CoQ- 10 may also improve sperm quality, Italian researchers say. Japanese researchers found it can increase fat burning during exercise.
Dose: 30 to 200 mg/day*
Our pick: Carlson Co-Q10, 100 mg; carlsonlabs.com ($40/90 soft gels)
Natural sources: Meat and fish, eggs, broccoli

Do more for your ticker: 6 ways to beat high blood pressure.

Problem: Bone weakness
Solution: VITAMIN D
Vitamin D is a hormone that helps your bones absorb calcium. That's a critical benefit, but there's also a steady stream of other compelling reasons to take it, Dr. Cooperman says. For instance, Vitamin D has been linked to reduced levels of depression, reduced risk of colorectal cancer, and less chance of a heart attack.
Dose: 1,000 IU Vitamin D3/day
Our pick: GNC Vitamin D-3 1000; gnc.com ($10/180 tablets)
Natural sources: Sunshine, fortified milk

Problem: Heart disease
Solution: FISH OIL
Loaded with the essential omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, fish oil can reduce triglycerides, boost HDL cholesterol, and lower blood pressure. But your heart isn't the only beneficiary: The healthy fats may also reduce inflammation and improve cognitive performance, and may lower your risk of colon and prostate cancers.
Dose: At least 500 mg DHA and 500 mg EPA daily
Our pick: Nordic Naturals Ultimate Omega; nordicnaturals.com ($28/60 soft gels)
Natural sources: Salmon, tuna, or other fatty fish

Take extra precaution with these 7 heart-saving strategies.

Problem: Migraines
Solution: MAGNESIUM
A drop in magnesium can be a major headache. "Blood vessels in your brain constrict, and receptors in the feel-good chemical serotonin malfunction," says Alexander Mauskop, M.D., director of the New York Headache Center. Result: a migraine. The mineral also might help regulate blood pressure and could ward off stroke and diabetes.
Dose: 250 mg/day, plus the magnesium in your diet
Our pick: Life Extension Magnesium Citrate, 160 mg; lef.org ($9/100 capsules)
Natural sources: Leafy greens, whole grains, pumpkin seeds, coffee, nuts

Problem: Diabetes
Solution: PSYLLIUM HUSK
This fiber is more than a colon clearer. In a recent Finnish study, the addition of psyllium to meals reduced participants' blood sugar and insulin response. Paired with protein, it was also shown to suppress ghrelin, a hormone that makes you hungry. Psyllium is one of five soluble fibers approved by the FDA for lowering LDL cholesterol.
Dose: 20 to 35 g/day, divided and taken with at least 8 oz liquid
Our pick: GNC Natural Brand Colon Pure; gnc.com ($16/19 oz)
Natural sources: Some fortified cereal grains

Problem: Digestive upset
Solution: PROBIOTICS
Probiotics are healthy bacteria that crowd out the disease-causing bad bacteria in your gut. Some can reduce diarrhea caused by certain infections, antibiotics, chemotherapy, and irritable bowel syndrome, Dr. Cooperman notes. The encapsulated good guys may also boost your immune function.
Dose: 1 capsule (with at least 1 billion bacteria) a day
Our pick: GNC Natural Brand Acidophilus Probiotic Complex; gnc.com ($14/100 tablets)
Natural sources: Yogurt, kefir, and other dairy products

Problem: Low endurance
Solution: QUERCETIN
Want to extend your cardio session? People who didn't exercise regularly but took 500 mg of this antioxidant twice a day for a week were able to bicycle 13 percent longer than the placebo group, a University of South Carolina study found. It may help reduce the oxidation of LDL particles and reduce blood-vessel constriction.
Dose: Up to 500 mg, twice a day*
Our pick: Jarrow Formulas Quercetin 500; vitaminexpress. com ($16/100 capsules)
Natural sources: Red wine, parsley, grapefruit, onions, apples

Problem: Poor memory
Solution: PYCNOGENOL
This supplement's antioxidants fight free-radical stress in your brain and stop the degradation of nitric oxide, which preserves neural connections. In a recent Australian study, it improved memory in elderly people. Pycnogenol also supports better bloodflow, which helps fight joint pain and reduce muscle cramps.
Dose: 150 mg/day*
Our pick: TwinLab Pycnogenol, 50 mg; twinlab.com ($50/60 capsules)
Natural source: Pine bark
Your noggin depends on a variety of nutrients to keep itself balanced. Eat these6 foods to increase your brainpower.

Problem: Joint pain
Solution: GLUCOSAMINE
Glucosamine, a building block of cartilage, can relieve pain and inflammation in joints, says Nicholas DiNubile, M.D., an orthopedic surgeon. In fact, a recent study found glucosamine is more effective than acetaminophen (a.k.a. Tylenol) at relieving symptoms of knee osteoarthritis, often caused in younger men by joint injury.
Dose: 1,500 mg/day*
Our pick: Puritan's Pride Glucosamine 1,500 mg; puritan.com ($29/120 caplets)
Natural sources: Crustacean shells

Problem: Injury
Solution: VITAMIN C
Sixty percent of adult men don't get enough vitamin C in their diets, according to an American Journal of Clinical Nutrition study. Vitamin C helps protect your cells from the tissue-damaging free radicals produced by exercise. It also helps heal wounds, and it's key to production of the collagen found in ligaments and tendons.
Dose: Up to 1,000 mg/day in spaced doses
Our pick: Ester-C, 500 mg; cvs.com ($11/90 tablets)
Natural sources: Rose hips, citrus fruits, broccoli, guava, kiwifruits, parsley

Problem: Extra body fat
Solution: EGCG
Men who took green-tea extract burned 17 percent more fat after moderate exercise than those taking placebos, according to one study. EGCG, the most active antioxidant in green tea, is thought to prolong exercise-induced boosts in metabolism. It has also been shown to help prevent cancer and can improve heart health.
Dose: 890 mg/day green tea extract (containing 340 mg of EGCG)
Our pick: Green Tea EGCG-200; procapslabs.com ($15/30 capsules)
Natural sources: Green tea

Problem: Prostate-cancer risk
Solution: LYCOPENE
Found in tomatoes, this potent antioxidant may reduce your risk of prostate cancer, according to a recent University of Illinois study review. The researchers say it may work by altering hormone metabolism and by causing cancer cells to self-destruct.
Dose: 15 to 20 mg/day*
Our pick: Carlson Labs Lycopene (Tomato-Free), 15 mg; carlsonlabs.com ($50/180)
Natural sources: Fresh or cooked tomatoes, and fruits with red/pink flesh

Discover 8 ways to prevent any kind of cancer.

Problem: Cholesterol
Solution: RED YEAST RICE
It contains lovastatin—a prescription statin—as well as other compounds that may help manage cholesterol. In a recent Annals of Internal Medicine study, patients who took red yeast rice during a 12-week diet and exercise program cut their LDL by 27 percent, compared with 6 percent for those who only dieted and exercised.
Dose: 600 mg, 3 times a day* (Consult your M.D. if you're on heart meds.)
Our pick: Cholestene Red Yeast Rice Dietary Supplement; cholestene.org ($14/120 capsules)
Natural sources: Red yeast rice, some sake, red rice vinegar

Problem: Cancer risk
Solution: RESVERATROL
You can't stop the clock, but you can slow it down. This chemical, found in the skin of grapes, seems to interact directly with genes that regulate aging, says Dr. Katz. Resveratrol has been shown to promote DNA repair in animals, enhance bloodflow to people's brains, and halt the growth of prostate-cancer and colon-cancer cells.
Dose: No dosage recommendations
Our pick: Biotivia Transmax 500 mg Trans-Resveratrol; biotivia.com ($40/30 capsules_
Natural sources: Red wine, red grape juice

Problem: Depression
Solution: SAMe
Talk about head-to-toe relief: A synthetic form of a dietary amino acid, SAMe has been found to treat depression as effectively as prescription antidepressants, according to Canadian researchers. It has also been shown to reduce joint pain and inflammation, and it may aid cartilage repair.
Dose: 600 to 1,600 mg/day, depending on the condition.*
Our pick: GNC SAM-e 400; gnc.com ($38/30 tablets)
Natural sources: Made in your body, possibly after eating meats, greens, and oranges

Problem: Enlarged prostate
Solution: SAW PALMETTO
As you age, your risk rises for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition that makes you trickle at the toilet. Saw palmetto may help restore the flow. In a recent Korean study, men taking 320 mg of saw palmetto daily saw their BPH symptoms decrease by 50 percent after 1 year.
Dose: 320 mg/day*
Our pick: GNC Herbal Plus Standardized Saw Palmetto; gnc.com ($16/100 softgels)
Natural source: Saw palmetto berries

* The dosages shown here have been used in studies, but your doctor can recommend an appropriate dose for you.

Nasihat untuk seorang suami.

BismillahHirahmannirohim,

1. Seorang suami tak pernah meminta berlebihan dalam semua hal. Perkahwinan perlu sedikit pengorbanan, sedikit komitment, sedikit kefahaman, sedikit akal. Memahami suami bukan sesuatu yang bolih diajar atau dipaksa. Lelaki tak mudah menetapkan kriteria untuk difahami sang isteri. Peranan besar perlu memahami seorang suami menjadi soal sendiri seorang isteri. Semakin cuba tidak memahami semakin jauh seorang suami membawa lara.

2. Sedar atau tidak seorang suami sedaya upaya akan membawa isteri kelaluan yang betul. Menegur bila kurang sembanyangnya, menegur bila kebersihan semakin tidak terurus, menegur bila susunatur rumah mula menyamai kapal pecah. Strategi berlembut boleh menjadi sebaliknya. Sedarlah BILAMANA SAHAJA SUAMI MENJADI BOSAN DAN SUDAH TIDAK LAGI MENEGUR perkara perkara tersebut, bendera amaran sudah dijulang. Nauzubillah.

3. Fasa seterusnya fasa what will be will be. Ikut saje arus sang isteri teruskan kehidupan biasa, tak payah tegur ape ape. Tak payah sakit sakit hati atau pendam perasaan. Demi isteri dan anak korbankan ape saje. penuhkan kekosongan dengan aktiviti yang boleh membuang lara dan kebosanan.

4. Panjatkan kepada Ilahi pohon ribuan kemaafan gagal menyempurnakan peranan seorang suami. Doakan sentiasa sang isteri berubah kepada isteri solehah. part yang tak nak dengar cakap atau nasihat atau teguran pulangkan kepada yang Maha Esa. Kita tak menongkat langit. Tiba masanya kita akan pergi. Biarlah kita pergi dengan penuh ketenangan.

5. Memang sakit hati peringkat giler bila isteri tak dengar cakap. Ia lah isteri bekerjaya kan?. Solat sunat mohon tahap kesabaran dipertingkatkan. Tak payah nak marah marah ke menjerit ke atau keluar kata kata power. Rasanya Tuhan mengetahui kita dah mencuba tapi belum diperkenankan. Ketahuilah semakin kita banyak menjerit, marah marah, makin kita teruk jadinya. Secara sombongnya, kenape kita perlu menyeksa emosi kita?. Memang sukar pun ialah kita sayang kat isteri kita, kita nak perubahan yang cepat dan yang penting menyebelahi kita.

6. Saudara saudaraku, mendengar alasan isteri yang menasabah, tak menasabah, rubbish, tak masuk akal atau ape apelah perlu penapis yang super fine. Part yang ini terpulang budi bicara anda.

7. akan bersambung

The only 5 diet rules you need

The only 5 diet rules you need

Lots of diets work for lots of people—the key is to find what works best for you. But if you’re not sure where to begin, these 5 science-proven tips (that are easy to fit into any lifestyle) will get you started:

1. Snack on almonds
When salty cravings strike, bypass the pretzels or popcorn. In a study of 65 men and women who were following a low-calorie diet, California researchers found that those who noshed on the nuts shrank their waistlines nearly 50% more than dieters who didn't eat them, despite consuming the same number of calories. Likewise, Spanish researchers found that even without increasing exercise, a diet enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (aka MUFAs, found in foods such as almonds and avocados) decreased the accumulation of abdominal fat, compared with a carbohydrate-heavy diet, which increased it.


2. Fill up on fiber
"When you slow digestion, you slow the delivery of glucose [blood sugar] to the bloodstream," says Marie Savard, MD, author of The Body Shape Solution to Weight Loss and Wellness. "That means less insulin is released, and with lower insulin release comes lower visceral [belly] fat storage." In a study of more than 2,900 adults, those who ate the most fiber weighed less and had lower insulin levels and slimmer waistlines than those who ate the least. Aim for at least 25 g a day from such foods as vegetables, fruits, beans, lentils, brown rice, and whole grain bread, cereal, and pasta.



3. Stay satisfied with protein
Gram for gram, protein has the same number of calories as carbs (and half that of fat), but takes longer to digest, so you feel full longer. It also seems to help lower levels of the hormone ghrelin, which is known to stimulate appetite. In a Danish study of 60 men and women, those following a diet that included 25% of calories from protein lost nearly twice as much fat after 6 months than those eating a diet with 12% protein. Include a serving of lean protein with each meal and snack—eggs for breakfast, a turkey sandwich for lunch, low-fat or fat-free yogurt or milk for a snack, and grilled fish and vegetables for dinner.
4. Skip the sweetener
In a 5-week study by Purdue University researchers, rats given unlimited access to artificially sweetened yogurt consumed more calories, gained more weight, and packed on more fat than those that ate sugar-sweetened yogurt. Researchers believe artificial sweeteners may hinder your body's ability to regulate calories based on taste, so you end up overeating. Go with a little bit of natural sweetener, such as raw sugar or honey, instead.
5. Dump one high-cal item from your diet
Exercise works best when you don't offset your hard work with empty calories. By eliminating just one high-calorie item from your daily diet, such as a large latte, or substituting cereal and low-fat milk for a bagel and cream cheese, you can easily reduce your intake by 250 calories.

CARBIDE

Carbide – a ripening and health effect.

Introduction
At the rate of RM 2/- a dozen, death is being sold now-a-days in our markets. My request for everybody is to be vigilant. Friends, we all love bananas and we eat a lot of them, but the bananas available in the market are forced ripe by dipping in water mixed with Carbide. The consumption of these bananas is 100% sure to cause Cancer or some other infection in the stomach. Therefore, such type of bananas are to be avoided. But, how does one recognize the bananas ripened with the help of Carbide? Bananas which are ripened naturally are dark yellow and there are small black spots here and there on the bananas and the stalks are black. While those which are forced ripe with Carbide are lemon yellow and their stalks are green and more over they are clear yellow without any black spots. Now, what is Carbide and how is it harmful? Carbide is a chemical which if mixed with water, emits heat and the heat emitted by a Close tank mixed with Carbide is even more than that emitted by a LPG Cylinder, so> much so it can be used for Gas Cutting (which means the calorific value is so high that it can replace LPG gas). In the same way, when the bunch of bananas are dipped in the water mixed with Carbide, the gas gets absorbed into the bananas and they get ripe. However, the banana vendors are not that literate and so they do not know the exact proportion of Carbide to be used for a dozen of bananas. As a result they end up using excess quantity of Carbide which gets absorbed into the bananas and ultimately enters our stomach. Due to this excess use of Carbide, Tumors can be formed in our digestive system. So, next time you purchase bananas, make sure you select the naturally ripened ones.

Ripening agents
Ripening agents speed up the ripening process.
They allow many fruits to be picked prior to full ripening, which is useful, since ripened fruits do not ship well. For example, bananas are picked when green and artificially ripened after shipment by being gassed with ethylene.[1] A similar method used in parts of Asia was to cover a bed of slightly green-harvested mango and a few small open containers of clumps of calcium carbide with a plastic covering. The moisture in the air reacted with the calcium carbide to release the gas acetylene, which has the same effect as ethylene. Ethylene is not emitted by the plant naturally, and cannot activate the ripening of nearby fruits, rather, it used as a hormone within the plant.
Calcium carbide is used for ripening the fruit artificially in some countries. Industrial-grade calcium carbide may contain traces of arsenic and phosphorus, and, thus, use of this chemical for this purpose is illegal in most countries. Calcium carbide, once dissolved in water, produces acetylene,[2] which acts as an artificial ripening agent. Acetylene is believed to affect the nervous systemby reducing oxygen supply to brain; however, it has been shown that, in practice, acetylene is not sufficiently reactive to affect consumers
Catalytic Generators are used to produce ethylene gas, simply and safely. Ethylene sensors can be used to precisely control the amount of gas.
Covered fruit ripening bowls are commercially available to increase fruit ripening.[3] The manufacturers claim the bowls increase ethylene and carbon dioxide gasses around the fruit which promote ripening.
Climacteric fruits are able to continue ripening after being picked, a process accelerated by ethylenegas. Non-climacteric fruits can ripen only on the plant and, thus, suffer from short shelf-lives

CARBIDE
a carbide is a compound composed of carbonand a less electronegative element. Carbides can be generally classified by chemical bonding type as follows: (i) salt-like, (ii)covalent compounds, (iii) interstitial compounds, and (iv) "intermediate" transition metal carbides. Examples includecalcium carbide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide (often called simply carbide), and cementite[1], each used in key industrial applications.
Salt-like carbides
Salt-like carbides are composed of highly electropositive elements such as the alkali metals, alkaline earths, and group 3 metals including scandium, yttrium and lanthanum. Aluminium from group 13 forms carbides, but gallium, indium and thallium do not. In these materials feature isolated carbon centers, often described as "C4−"; two atom units, "C22−" in the acetylides and three atom units "C34−" in the sesquicarbides.[1] These formal anion C4–, sometimes called methanides (or methides) because they hydrolyse to give methane gas. The naming of ionic carbides is not consistent and can be quite confusing.

Methanides
Methanides in general chemical context refers to any compound that decomposes in water, producingmethane. However, according to IUPAC systematic naming conventions, it refers solely to the hypothetical CH3- anionic species. It is a useful simplification to describe methyl compounds, with relatively large bond polarity between the carbon and non-hydrogen atom, as containing the anionic species. In truth most such compounds, if not all, are, in fact, highly polar covalent, not ionic. Other compounds described as methanides in the general context contain various ratios of hydrogen down to no hydrogen at all. Two such examples which, can be called methanides, are aluminium carbide, andberyllium carbide.



Acetylides
Several carbides are assumed to be salts of the acetylide anion C22– (also called percarbide), which has a triple bond between the two carbon atoms. Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and lanthanoid metals form acetylides, e.g., sodium carbide Na2C2, calcium carbide CaC2, and LaC2.[1] Lanthanoids also form acetylides with formula M2C3. Metals from group 11 too tend to form acetylides, such ascopper(I) acetylide and silver acetylide. Carbides of the actinide elements, which have stoichiometry MC2 and M2C3, are also described as salt-like derivatives of C22–.
The C-C triple bond length ranges from 109.2 pm in CaC2 (similar to ethyne), to 130.3 pm in LaC2 and 134 pm in UC2. The bonding in LaC2 has been described in terms of LaIII with the extra electron delocalised into the antibonding orbital on C22−, explaining the metallic conduction.[1]
Sesquicarbides
The polyatomic ion C34–, sometimes called sesquicarbide, is found in Li4C3, Mg2C3. The ion is linear and is isoelectronic with CO2.[1] The C-C distance in Mg2C3 is 133.2 pm.[2] Mg2C3 yieldsmethylacetylene, CH3CCH, on hydrolysis which was the first indication that it may contain C34–.
Covalent carbides
The carbides of silicon and boron are described as "covalent carbides", although virtually all compounds of carbon exhibit some covalent character. Silicon carbide has two similar crystalline forms, which are both related to the diamond structure.[1] Boron carbide, B4C, on the other hand has an unusual structure which includes icosahedral boron units linked by carbon atoms. In this respectboron carbide is similar to the boron rich borides. Both silicon carbide, SiC, (carborundum) and boron carbide, B4C are very hard materials and refractory. Both materials are important industrially. Boron also forms other covalent carbides, e.g. B25C.
Interstitial carbides
The carbides of the group 4, 5 and 6 transition metals (with the exception of chromium) are often described as interstitial compounds.[1] These carbides have metallic properties and are refractory. Some exhibit a range of stoichiometries, e.g. titanium carbide, TiC. Titanium carbide and tungsten carbide are important industrially and are used to coat metals in cutting tools.[3]
The longheld view is that the carbon atoms fit into octahedral interstices in a close packed metal lattice when the metal atom radius is greater than approximately 135 pm:[1]
 When the metal atoms are cubic close packed, (ccp), then filling all of the octahedral interstices with carbon achieves 1:1 stoichiometry with the rock salt structure, (note that in rock salt, NaCl, it is the chloride anions that are cubic close packed).
 When the metal atoms are hexagonal close packed, (hcp), as the octahedral interstices lie directly opposite each other on either side of the layer of metal atoms, filling only one of these with carbon achieves 2:1 stoichiometry with the CdI2 structure.
The following table[1][3] shows actual structures of the metals and their carbides. (N.B. the body centred cubic structure adopted by vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten is not a close packed lattice.) The notation "h/2" refers to the M2C type structure described above, which is only an approximate description of the actual structures. The simple view that the lattice of the pure metal "absorbs" carbon atoms can be seen to be untrue as the packing of the metal atom lattice in the carbides is different from the packing in the pure metal.
Metal Structure of pure metal Metallic
radius (pm) MC
metal atom packing MC structure M2C
metal atom packing M2C structure Other carbides
titanium
hcp 147 ccp rock salt
zirconium
hcp 160 ccp rock salt
hafnium
hcp 159 ccp rock salt
vanadium
cubic body centered 134 ccp rock salt hcp h/2 V4C3
niobium
cubic body centered 146 ccp rock salt hcp h/2 Nb4C3
tantalum
cubic body centered 146 ccp rock salt hcp h/2 Ta4C3
chromium
cubic body centered 128 Cr23C6, Cr3C,
Cr7C3, Cr3C2
molybdenum
cubic body centered 139 hexagonal hcp h/2 Mo3C2
tungsten
cubic body centered 139 hexagonal hcp h/2
For a long time the non-stoichiometric phases were believed to be disordered with a random filling of the interstices, however short and longer range ordering has been detected.[4]
Intermediate transition metal carbides
In these carbides, the transition metal ion is smaller than the critical 135 pm, and the structures are not interstitial but are more complex. Multiple stoichiometries are common, for example iron forms a number of carbides, Fe3C, Fe7C3 and Fe2C. The best known is cementite, Fe3C, which is present in steels. These carbides are more reactive than the interstitial carbides, for example the carbides of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni all are hydrolysed by dilute acids and sometimes by water, to give a mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbons. These compounds share features with both the inert interstitials and the more reactive salt-like carbides.[1]
Molecular carbides


The complex [Au6C(PPh3)6]2+, containing a carbon-gold core.
Metal complexes containing Cn fragments are well known. Most common are carbon-centered clusters, such as [Au6C(PPh3)6]2+. Similar species are known for the metal carbonyls and the early metal halides. Even terminal carbides have been crystallized, e.g., CRuCl2(P(C6H11)3)2.
Impossible carbides
Some metals, such as lead and tin, are believed not to form carbides under any circumstances.[5] There exists however a mixed titanium-tin carbide, which is a two-dimensional conductor.[6] (In 2007, there were two reports of a lead carbide PbC2, apparently of the acetylide type; but these claims have yet to be published in reviewed journals.